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Level 5 unit 1-30 (S7/S8 class)

Unit 1- Alexander Graham Bell

Can you imagine living without a telephone or a cell phone? Until 1876, people didn’t have phones. Many scientists tried to invent the telephone, and Alexander Graham Bell finally succeeded in 1876. How did he first know that he made a successful telephone? One day, Bell spoke into one part of his machine, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” Mr. Watson was his partner. He was in a different room of the same house. And Mr. Watson heard Bell’s voice out of the other part of the machine. It was the first telephone communication in history!

Unit 2- Comets

Do you know what a comet is? A comet is an object in the solar system. It travels around the sun like the planets. Then why don’t we call it a planet? Because comets are usually very small, and their orbits are not regular, they cannot be planets. Because their orbits are not regular, they sometimes crash into planets and disappear. So it is very hard to observe comets in the sky. However, there are some comets we can observe. For example, Halley’s Comet is very famous. Every 75 or 76 years, we can see it in the sky. So if you live very long, you can see Halley’s Comet more than once!

Unit 3- Penguins

Do you know where we can find penguins? Some penguins live near the South Pole. But others live in mild weather, too! And one kind of penguin lives in very hot areas. Penguins are found in many islands and continents in the southern parts of the Earth. For zoologists, it is a very important fact because it means that penguins could fly a long time ago. But now, penguins can’t fly, even though they are birds. But they can swim instead. Penguins are also good at walking. How fast can they walk? Penguins can walk faster than an average human!

Unit 4- Smog

What is smog? It is fog combined with dirt and dust in the air. Is it a natural event? No, it isn’t. In fact, smog is a type of air pollution. In big cities, smoke from automobiles and factories goes up into the sky and meets the moisture in the air. When the air cools down at dawn, a huge amount of the dirty moisture in the sky comes near the ground. And what happens? It forms smog! Smog is a huge problem for people in big cities. Smog causes many kinds of lung diseases and eye or nose problems.

Unit 5- Lenses

Do you wear glasses? How about contact lenses? Do you know what the similarities between glasses and contact lenses are? They help you see objects better. How can they do that? Glasses and contact lenses improve your eyesight, because both of them use some kind of lens. Generally, there are two kinds of lenses. One kind of lens makes you see things bigger. These kinds of lenses are used for magnifying glasses or glasses for old people. Another kind of lens makes you see things smaller. These are used for common glasses.

Unit 6- The Color Spectrum

Do you know what aspectrum is? It is a series of colored lights. How can we see a spectrum? Whenyou see sunlight through a prism, you may see a rainbow. This is the spectrumof light! Can you separate a color from one spectrum? No, it is impossible.People think there are only red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, andviolet colors in a rainbow. Is it true? No, it isn’t. As a matter of fact,there are thousands of colors between each color. Therefore, a spectrum is aset of thousands of colors.

Unit 7- Nuclear Weapons

Do you know what the most dangerous weapon in the world is? Of course, every weapon is dangerous. But a nuclear weapon must be the most dangerous and powerful weapon. A nuclear weapon is a kind of bomb. It uses nuclear reactions to release energy. During World War II, American scientists developed a bomb using nuclear power. And the United States dropped nuclear bombs on two cities in Japan. What happened next? Over 120,000 people were killed! And these two cities were totally destroyed. Now everyone is afraid of nuclear weapons.

Unit 8- Geneticists

If your mum’s blood type is O, and your dad’s blood type is A, your blood type must be either A or O. How do we know this fact? Because some scientists studied human blood types, we know that one’s blood type is determined by the blood types of one’s parents. What do we call these scientists? Geneticists! Geneticists are the scientists that study genes and heredity. Geneticists usually study medicine, biology, chemistry, and so on. These days, some geneticists are working to make human clones! Do you think it is possible? They think it is!

Unit 9- Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin was an adventurous scientist. One stormy night, Benjamin and his son went outside and flew a kite to catch electricity. They attached a metal piece on the top of the kite and a metal key at the end of the string. After lightning struck the kite, Benjamin touched the key. It gave him a small electric shock! Fortunately he didn’t hurt himself, but it was a really dangerous experiment! Later, he invented a lightning rod. It is an iron stick on roofs of houses or buildings. It protects the houses and the buildings from lightning damage.

Unit 10- Shorelines

Is a shore different from a coast? Yes, it is! The word coast is used when land meets the ocean. The word shore is used when land meets a large body of water, like an ocean or lake. Therefore, a shore can be a coast because a coast is a kind of shore. The word shoreline describes the line where shore and land meet. How is a shoreline created? It is usually created by waves of water. Rocks and soil from the land also affect the shape of a shoreline. Some areas near an ocean or lake boast beautiful shorelines. Do you know any beautiful shores?

Unit 11- Galaxies

Can you believe that there are at least 100 billion galaxies in the universe? Yes, there are! Small galaxies have 10 billion stars, and big galaxies have one trillion stars! The universe must be really big! Do you know what galaxies look like? Some galaxies have elliptical shapes. And some galaxies have spiral shapes. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. These two shapes are the most common shapes of galaxies. But some other galaxies have irregular shapes. Can we observe galaxies? Yes, we can see them if we use a really good telescope!

Unit 12- Iron

Iron is a very important element in our lives. It is a kind of metal. Thousands of years ago, people with iron swords and armor were the most powerful people. Now, it is used to build building, machines, and automobiles. Is iron expensive? No, it isn’t. There is a lot of iron in the Earth. Do you know where else we can find iron? In the human body! Like other animals, humans need iron. In human blood, there is iron. If you don’t have enough iron in your blood, you may become very sick!

Unit 13- Dictators

A country is usually governed by many people. Then is there any country governed by one person? Yes, there is. In North Korea, Kim Jungil has absolute power, so no one can object to him. He can do anything he wants in his country. Is he a president? No, he isn’t. Instead, we call him a dictator. A dictator has absolute power and rules a country by force. Is Kim Jungil the only dictator in history? Of course not! There were many dictators in history. Usually dictators were bad people. Adolf Hitler was one of them.

Unit 14 – Wagon Trains

When Americans first moved from the eastern coast to the western coast, there were no airplanes, trains, or automobiles. Then how could they move? They used wagons! Moving from the eastern coast to the western coast was really a long trip. They could meet wild animals or Indians. Or they could get lost. Therefore, the travelers traveled together. They traveled in a straight single line. If you saw them, you might think they looked like a train. So this group of wagons is called a wagon train. At night, they formed a circle with their wagons and took a rest.

Unit 15 – NATO

NATO is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It is a kind of contract among Western European countries and North American countries. A few years after World War II, Western European countries, the United States, and Canada wanted to protect themselves from the Soviet Union. So they promised to help one another if one of the NATO countries was in danger. How many countries are members of NATO? There are 26 European countries, and Canada, and the United States. Do you know where the headquarters of NATO are? They are in Belgium.

Unit 16 – History

What is history? It is a written record of human activities over time. Historians discover these records and study history. Then how could we learn about ancient life if there were no written records? Historians also study ancient architecture, drawings, weapons, tombs, and so on. We call the time without any written record ‘prehistory.’ Both prehistoric time and historic time are very important to understand human activities and civilization. Who left the first written records? Chinese people left records on animal bones and shells about 3,300 years ago.

Unit 17 – The French Revolution

In the late 18th century, in France, the economy was in trouble. Why? At that time, Louis XVI became the king of France. The king and the queen Marie=Antoinette did not really care about their country. Instead, they spent a lot of tax money to buy expensive things. Therefore, the economy was really terrible. People couldn’t even buy bread! So they got upset and attacked the palace, Versailles. This event is called the French Revolution. Do you know what happened in France after the French Revolution? France didn’t have any more kings or queens.

Unit 18 – Samurais

Who are Samurais? Samurais were high ranking soldiers in Japan. They wore armor and used swords. First, samurais worked for the upper class. But they governed Japan later. There were a lot of samurais in Japan, and those samurais affected Japanese culture a lot. The cherry blossom is the national flower of Japan, because Japanese people believe it stands for the samurai spirit. Did only Japanese men become a samurai? No, there were some Western samurais, too. If the ruler of Japan allowed it, a Western person could become a samurai.

Unit 19 – Monopoly

When you go to a market, you may find that many companies make similar products. What if there was only one cereal company in your country? We would call it a monopoly. A monopoly means there is no competition in the market. If a company has a monopoly, it can control the price of its product. So people have to buy the product even if it is very expensive! Therefore, governments usually prohibit companies from having a monopoly. So companies compete to make better products and offer cheaper prices!

Unit 20 – Gladiators

Gladiators were fighters in the ancient Roman period. They fought in big stadiums, and people watched their fights for fun. Gladiator fights were the biggest entertainment at that time. Gladiators sometimes fought against each other and sometimes fought with wild animals like lions! Some gladiators were volunteers because they could get a lot of money if they won. However, many of them were slaves from other countries. What happened if they lost? Many gladiators lost their lives or were wounded during fights.

Unit 21 – The Free States

Do you know that there were slaves in the United States? Before the mid 19th century, there were many slaves in the United States. When Abraham Lincoln became the president of the United States, he wanted to free all slaves. The states in the Midwest and Northeastern parts of the United States supported his decision and freed the slaves living in these places. These states were called the free states. How many free states were there? There were 19 free states at the beginning of the Civil War. However, every state became a free state after the war.

Unit 22 – Heavy Industry

Heavy industry describes the companies or factories that make heavy products. Examples of heavy products are automobiles, buildings, ships, and any other product made from metal. In addition, heavy industry also includes companies that make parts of such products, like pipes, machines, or construction equipment. Heavy industrial firms usually need a lot of workers and large machines. So they need a huge area of land. Therefore, you can find cities made just for heavy industry in many countries. If those firms close, many people will lose their jobs!

Unit 23 – Totem

Do you think that animals or plants also have spirits? A long time ago, some people believed that animals and plants had spirits and supernatural powers. These animals and plants were called totems. Can any animal or plant become a totem? Yes, it can. But there should be a group of people who believe in it. Some ancient people also thought their ancestors were animals. For example, one Korean myth tells us that a bear is the ancestor of all Koreans. So we can learn that the bear was a totem for Koreans a long time ago.

Unit 24 – Territory

What is a territory? When a person, an organization, or a nation owns a large piece of land, that land becomes a territory. We don’t call a small land a territory. A territory is often bigger than a small city. So who decides that an area becomes a territory? Usually, people and companies pay money to buy it. Countries sometimes have a war to gain territory. For example, England and France had territories in North America after fighting with Native Americans. Is all land on the Earth a territory? No, it isn’t. No person or country owns Antarctica.

Unit 25 – Whole Numbers

What are whole numbers? Whole numbers are natural numbers and 0. Natural numbers are the numbers when you count something. Thus, whole numbers start from 0. And the next numbers are 1,2,3,4, and so on. What is the rule for whole numbers? First, it should be 0 or bigger than 0. Second, the number doesn’t have a decimal point. For example, 2.5 can’t be a whole number. Third, every whole number has its next whole number. Whole numbers are used to count time, dates, money, and so on.

Unit 26 – Fractions

What is a fraction? In mathematics, a fraction means any part of a number. If you learned division, it must be easier for you to understand a fraction. When you divide 4 by 2, you will get 2. It is because 2 is half of 4. The symbol for a fraction is ’/’. A fraction explains how to count a part of something. Why do we need fractions? Fractions help us get an answer if the result is not a whole number. Then how do we read a fraction? When you see 3/7, you read it “three seventh.”

Unit 27 – Murals

Have you seen any murals? A mural is a picture painted on a wall or ceiling. Do you know the famous work of Michelangelo, The Creation of Adam? It is a mural because it is painted on the ceiling of a chapel. Long, long ago, people lived in caves. They sometimes drew pictures on the walls of caves. Those drawings were the earliest murals in history. Art historians are very interested in murals because murals are the earliest form of art. In addition, murals in prehistoric time help us understand our ancestors.

Unit 28 – Gothic style
About 1200 AD, most Europeans were Christians. So Europeans built many churches. Those churches had pointed arches. Do you know why? They believed they could be near their god if the church was very high. This style of architecture is called the Gothic style. Also, Europeans people were very rich at that time. So they spent a lot of money on building magnificent churches. Therefore, churches in the gothic style are very huge and beautiful. Later, the Gothic style became famous, so people built other buildings in the Gothic style, too.

Unit 29 – Ostinato

Do you know what ostinato is? Ostinato is a short musical phrase. It appears throughout a song. Where can we find ostinato? We can find ostinato both in some popular music and classical music. Usually ostinato is played by the same voice or instrument. Composers sometimes make the rhythm of the phrase change a little bit, but it usually has the same pitch throughout the song. Bass guitars are commonly used to play ostinato. Jazz musicians often use ostinato. When you listen to jazz next time, why don’t you try to find an ostinato in the song?

Unit 30 – Caribbean Folk Music

Around the Caribbean Sea, there are many small island countries, like Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, and Haiti. People of these countries are festival lovers. At a festival, they play their traditional instruments, sing, and dance together. For example, a maraca is one of their favorite instruments. A maraca is a coconut shell filled with seeds and beans. If you shake maracas, beans and seeds make a sound. Banjos are also famous. A banjo looks and sounds like a guitar. With those instruments, they play samba or rumba music. And these kinds of music are all good for dancing!

 

 

 

 

 

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Level 4 unit 1-30 (J1/K1/S6/SD class)

Unit 1- Clouds

A clouds is a mass of droplets in the sky. When the sun heats up the Earth, water on the Earth evaporates and becomes a cloud. What happens if a cloud gets big and thick? It rains.Thick clouds are darker than thin clouds. So the sky looks gray right before it rains. Can we grab a cloud? No, we can’t. A cloud consists of water droplets, so we cannot grab a cloud at all. When you touch it, all you can get are wet hands!

Unit 2- Eggs

What is an egg? Birds and fish give birth to many babies at one time. They can do this by laying many eggs at one time. The baby birds or the baby fish stay in eggs until they are ready to be born. What do eggs look like? When you make a fried egg, you can see a yellow part and a white part. The yellow part of the egg becomes a chick. The chick eats the white part until it comes out of the egg.

Unit 3- Plastic

What does the word ‘plastic’ mean? It means ‘changeable’ in Latin. Are there many kinds of plastics? Yes, there are. Plastics differ in colour, shape, thickness, and so on. There are many kinds of plastics, like grocery bags, kid’s toys, drink bottles and clocks. But most of them have the same weakness. Heat! Can you guess what happens if you leave a plastic bag on a stove? It will melt in a few seconds with a bad smell. However, plastic is cheap and very useful for people’s lives.

Unit 4- Blizzards

In summer, we experience hurricanes. When a hurricane comes, winds blow strongly, and it rains a lot. So what happens if we have a hurricane in winter? It is called a blizzard. When a blizzard comes, the temperature is very low. Winds blow strongly with heavy snow. In some areas, blizzards come more often than in other areas. In the United States, northeastern areas, such as New York, Massachusetts, Or Connecticut experience blizzards a lot. Have you ever been in a blizzard? No? Then you are very lucky!

Unit 5- Koalas

A koala is one of the most famous animals in Australia. The koala eats only leaves and lives in trees. It has long arms like a monkey, so the koala can climb tree branches easily. Is the koala a kind of bear? No, it isn’t. It is more like a kangaroo. Like a kangaroo, the mother koala keeps her baby in the pocket of her belly. They sleep for about 16 hours a day. They eat at least 3 hours a day. Koalas are very slow animals.

Unit 6- Fruit

What is a fruit? Why do plants have fruits? Where do fruits come from?A fruit is the house of seeds. Plants grow flowers to make fruits. Fully grown fruits fall down. Then, the seed grows roots under the ground. Then what happens? Another plant grows! Some fruit trees, like apple trees, peach trees,or pear trees have fruits. There is one interesting fact about fruits. Usually seeds grow inside of a fruit. But strawberry seeds grow outside of the fruit.

Unit 7- Batteries 

A battery is a box of electricity. It stores chemical energy, and this chemical energy changes into electricity. Can you name the things that need batteries? A clock may need a battery. A car needs a battery to start its engine. Many things around us are useless without batteries. Do you know that batteries were very huge a long time ago? People couldn’t carry batteries because they were too heavy. So scientists developed small batteries. Now we can carry them everywhere!

Unit 8- Cells

Every living thing has at least one cell. Then what is a cell? Every cell works differently, but most cells work to maintain life. Therefore, a cell is often called ‘the building block of life.’ A small house needs a small number of bricks. A big house needs many bricks. Similarly, small organisms need only a few cells. For example, most bacteria have only one cell. But big organisms, like animals or plants, need a lot of cells. How many cells do people have? They have about 100 trillion cells.

Unit 9- Craters

A crater is a big hole in the ground. Volcanic activity can make craters. After a volcano erupts, we see a huge hole on the top of the volcano. If there is no volcanic activity for a long time, snow and rainfall stays inside the hole. Then the hole becomes a huge lake. It is called a crater lake. Diamond Lake in Oregon, U.S.A. is an example of a crater lake. Is there a crater lake in your country? Have you seen any crater lakes before?

Unit 10- giraffes

Can you guess what the tallest animal in the world is? It is the giraffe! How tall is it? A male giraffe is at least three times taller than an adult man. Giraffes have long necks, long legs, and huge eyes. They also have small horns on their heads. What is the use of these horns? When giraffes fight with each other, they use their heads. Horns protect their heads. In Africa, people kill giraffes for food and for their tails. African people believe giraffe tails bring good luck.

Unit 11- Copper

What is the most useful metal? Copper is one of most useful metals in people’s lives. Copper is found everywhere. It delivers electricity very quickly, so every wire is made of copper. Bullets, irons, electric stoves, and pots also contain copper. Copper is not as expensive as silver or gold. People make cheap accessories using copper. Because it has a beautiful color, copper is sometimes used to cover the surface of buildings. Do you know that copper is the first metal people used in history?

Unit 12- The Earth’s Mantle

We are living on the surface of the Earth. So what is inside the Earth? There is a mantle under the surface of the Earth. The mantle takes up about 84% of the Earth. It is a rocky layer, and it covers the core of the Earth. The mantle near the surface is like a bunch of hard rocks, but the mantle near the core is boiling liquid rocks. When a volcano erupts, this boiling mantle comes out. Also, the mantle heats up underground water. Thanks to the mantle, we can enjoy a hot spa!

Unit 13- The Fourth of July

Independence Day is one of the biggest holidays in the United States. It is the day the United States declared independence from Great Britain. On the fourth of July, you can see fireworks and parades everywhere in the U.S.A. Also, there are lots of interesting events on Independence Day. In New York City, you can see a hot dog eating contest every year on the Fourth of July. In 2007, the champion of the contest ate 66 hot dogs in 12 minutes!

Unit 14 – Transportation

What is transportation? It includes cars, subways, buses, trains, airplanes, and ships. What happens if we don’t have any transportation? We have to use our own feet. How did people travel when there were no cars, trains, or airplanes? People used animals for transportation. Horses were the most popular types of transportation around the world. But some countries also used elephants, camels, and dogs. And they still do! Those animals are slower than modern types of transportation, but riding an elephant must be much more fun than driving a car!

Unit 15 – Martin Luther King, Jr.

Have you heard about Martin Luther King, Jr.? He is one of the most famous people in America. He was a preacher, and he tried to fight for the rights of African Americans. He received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts. Without using any violence, he persuaded others that all men are equal. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a great public speaker. He changed the life of African American people. When he died, people were really sad. So they decided to make his birthday a national holiday.

Unit 16 – The Grand Canyon

What is the biggest canyon in the United States? It is the Grand Canyon in Arizona. The Grand Canyon National Park is one of the first national parks in the United States. The Grand Canyon was not made in one day. It took six million years to make it! It is 446 km long and 1.8 km deep. A long time ago, Native Americans believed that the Grand Canyon was a holy place. So they visited the Grand Canyon to pray. Now we visit the Grand Canyon to have fun.

Unit 17 – International Festivals

A festival is an event and a celebration by many people. What is an international festival? People from various countries get together and have a festival together. Also, they learn other cultures and eat foreign foods. The United States has many various kinds of international festivals. Every October in North Carolina, U.S.A. people from over fifty countries enjoy folk dances in various traditional costumes. The festival lasts three days. How old is the festival? It is more than 20 years old.

Unit 18 – Pocahontas 

Do you know Pocahontas? Who is she? Why is she famous? She was a daughter of one leader of a Native American tribe. She became famous because she got married to an Englishman. After she married, she changed her name to Rebecca. But she is still known as Pocahontas today. How did she and her husband fall in love with each other? Her husband was captured by Pocahontas’ tribe. The tribe tried to kill him, and Pocahontas saved his life.

Unit 19 – Harlem 

How much do you know about Harlem? Harlem is a part of Manhattan, New York. A lot of African American people live there now. In 1904, African Americans started to live in Harlem. Some time later, Harlem became the center of African American culture. Jazz, hip hop, rap music, and other famous African American music became popular in Harlem. But there is one thing you have to know about Harlem. If you travel to Harlem, you should be very careful. Why? Because Harlem is also notorious for crimes!

Unit 20 – Generations

What does generation mean? Generation means two different things. First, generation means a group of people who are born and live around the same time. They have similar ages, and they share the same culture. Second, generation also means each stage in a family. For example, a grandmother, a mother, and a daughter are three different generations. Nowadays, a lot of families consist of one or two generations. How many generations are there in your family? Are there a lot of generations in your family?

Unit 21 – Immigrants

Who are immigrants? Some people leave their own country and live in another country. They are immigrants. They are different from travelers. The United States is a country of immigrants. More than 26 million immigrants live in the United States. Who were the first immigrants in the United States? The first immigrants were European Americans. They brought slaves to the U.S. Most of the slaves were African people. Now European Americans, African Americans, and Latin Americans are the majority of the U.S. population.

Unit 22 – Oil

Oil is a very useful resource for humans. It is used to run vehicles, heat houses, and make roads. And it is even used to make clothes and medicine. It is a very important energy resource. Countries in Mid-Eastern Asia have a lot of oil, and Russia, the United States, and some other countries also have oil. We currently use 84 million barrels a day. Scientists expect that we will run out of oil around 2039. Therefore, scientists try to develop other energy resources.

Unit 23 – Hurricane Katrina

What is the name you hate the most? If you ask people in Louisiana this question, they will say Katrina. On the morning of August 29, 2005, people in Louisiana, U.S.A. were frightened. Hurricane Katrina came to Louisiana. The strong wind broke down a lot of houses, buildings, and trees. It also killed many people. But the disaster didn’t end there. The hurricane flooded the whole city of New Orleans. The damage caused by the hurricane was about 81.2 billion dollars. It was the most disastrous hurricane in U.S. history.

Unit 24 – Levees 

A levee is a system to control water levels. When it rains a lot, floods can happen. People build walls along rivers or coasts to prevent floods. So a levee is also called a flood bank. People build levees with various things, such as stones, soil, or cement. However, people sometimes pile sandbags in a flood emergency. The parks near seas or rivers also act as levees. How does it prevent flooding? When it rains a lot, the park is filled with water, and this prevents flooding.

Unit 25 – Pictographs 

What is a pictograph? A pictograph is a picture that means a word. Where and when do people use pictographs? Traffic signs on streets or rest room signs are pictographs. However, pictographs in mathematics are different. In math, a pictograph is a kind of graph. It uses pictures to show numbers. For example, if there are pictures of two books on a graph, you can say “He bought two books.” It is very easy and quick for people to read a pictograph. Therefore, pictographs are useful when teachers teach young students.

Unit 26 – Octagons 

What is a shape that has five lines and five angles? It is a pentagon. What is a shape that has eight lines and angles? It is an octagon. ‘Oct’ means eight, and ‘Gon’ means shape. Do you know what all the angles of an octagon add up to? They add up to 1080o. A regular octagon has eight lines all of the same length and all eight angles are equal. Where can you find octagon-shaped things? How about your ball pens or pencils? They are all octagons. Also, umbrellas and stop signs are octagons.

Unit 27 – Monet 

Are you familiar with Monet? Monet was a very famous artist, and a lot of people know about him. There are some interesting facts about him. Let’s find out what they are! Claude Monet was the first impressionist. Impressionists are French artists who lived in the 19th century, and they loved sunlight. They believed sunlight changed the look of objects. What did Monet draw? Monet loved to draw nature. He sometimes sat by a window all day long, and he drew the same scenery over and over again.

Unit 28 – Sculptures

Where can people easily see a sculpture in their life? They usually see a huge sculpture in front of a large building these days. Therefore, it is one of the most common forms of public art. People make sculptures by carving stone, glass, or metal. Sometimes they make sculptures out of soil. Sometimes people build them by piling up various materials. Some artists make sculptures by piling up trash! What do you call people who make sculptures? They are sculptors!

Unit 29 – Handel

What do you know about George Frederic Handel? He was a composer, and he wrote many famous operas. One of his most famous operas is Messiah. He was influenced by the Italian Baroque style. So his music is elegant and grand like Italian old churches. Most of his works have been played in churches, palaces, and many other places. Handel was born in Germany, studied in Italy, and spent the rest of his life in England. He was also famous to other great composers, such as Haydn, Beethoven, and Mozart.

Unit 30 – The Samba

The samba is a popular folk music in Brazil. It came from Africa and Europe. It is not only a symbol for Brazil, but also a symbol for carnival. Every February or March in Brazil, people come out and enjoy a huge party all together. Bands play samba music, and they walk on the streets. Drums, percussions, and guitars play the samba all together. What do people do when they hear samba music? Dance! How do people dance? The samba is a dance for couples, so people need a partner to dance the samba.

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Level 3 unit 1-30 (F/F1/S3/SS/Star/H/S6 class)

Unit 1- Sand

If you look around you, you can find sand very easily. Sand comes from rocks. Each grain of sand is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. Some smaller sand feels like flour. There are many different colors of sand. Some sand is white, and it can be found in tropical areas. Some sand is black, and it can be found in volcanic areas. Also, some sand is green, and some sand is yellow.

Unit 2- Mars

Mars is a planet. It is next to the Earth. Its size is about one fourth of the Earth. Mars is not far from the Earth, but the environment is very different. Because Mars is far from the sun, Mars’ average temperature is lower than the Earth. Mars does not have water. There is no oxygen. Therefore, there are no living things on Mars at all.

Unit 3- The Backbone

The backbone is series bones in the human body. It supports people’s backs. Without a backbone, people cannot stand up, sit down, or walk. It is one of the most important bones in the human body. It is also called a ”spine.” Do you know how a backbone is formed? It is made of many small bones. There are usually 29 small bones in the backbone.

Unit 4- The Jungle

Have you ever been to a jungle? A jungle is an area with high temperatures. Also, there is a lot of rain. Usually, rain forests are also called jungles. There are various kinds of plants in jungles. So, jungles produce a large amount of oxygen. Where are famous jungles?The Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and the Amazon have world famous jungles.

Unit 5- Moths

We can find moths all over the world. There are 180,000 different kinds of moths. Moths vary in sizes. Some moth’s wings are only 0.4cm long. On the other hand, a big moth’s wings can be up to 14cm long. The average wing size is about 4~5cm long. Almost every moth is active during the night except for a few kinds. Moths flock together around lights at night.

Unit 6- Lightning

People can see lightning quite often. Lightning is a bright flash. It comes with a thunderstorm. All thunderstorms make lightning. Before people hear the sound of thunder, they see lightning. Lightning is very dangerous. Lightning is about 54,000oF. Also, lightning kills and injures more people each year than hurricanes or tornadoes. 

Unit 7- Fossils 

Fossils are the remains of animals or plants. They are usually inside of rocks. They are typically more than 10,000 years old. Fossils are made by sudden changes on the Earth like volcanoes and tsunamis. Animals and plants are buried in soil by these sudden changes. Then, they become rocks. The oldest fossil is about 4 billion years old.

Unit 8- Forces

A force is a push or a pull. A force gives an object the energy to move, stop moving, or change direction. Here are some good examples of force. When you write with a pen, you are creating a force. When you pedal your bike, you are creating a force. When you blow your nose, chew your gum, or swim in a pool, you are creating forces.

Unit 9- Whales

Whales are very large mammals, and they live in the sea. They breathe air into their lungs. They feed their babies milk, and they have some hair, too. There are more than 100 kinds of whales in the world. The average size of whales is over 4~5 meters long. Whales are categorized as endangered species. This means catching a whale is illegal. So, people have to protect whales.

Unit 10- Reptiles

Reptiles have scales on their bodies, and they breathe air. There are various kinds of reptiles. They are snakes, alligators, lizards, and turtles. The size of reptiles varies. The smallest reptiles are geckos. It is about 1.6 cm. However, one of the biggest reptiles is the saltwater crocodile. It can grow up to 5.5. Meters long. And it weighs over 1,000 kilograms.

Unit 11- Gases

There are three different kinds of matter. They are solids, liquids, and gases. Gas has no shape, so you can’t touch gas. Gas moves very freely. Gas can change into a solid or a liquid when the temperature gets too low. On the other hand, a solid can change into gas when the temperature gets too high. Is there a good example of these changes? Of course, it is dry ice!

Unit 12- Hurricanes

A hurricane is also called a tropical cyclone, typhoon, and tropical storm. A hurricane is a violent storm. It makes strong winds and rain. How big is a hurricane? How fast is a hurricane? The average radius of a hurricane is from 207 miles to 414 miles. The speed of a hurricane is from at least 74 miles per hour to 195 miles per hour.

Unit 13- Roles

A role describes what function a person has in society. People have their roles to perform. For example, soldiers’ roles are to protect their country. Teachers’ roles are to teach students subjects and to lead students in the right direction. Doctors’ roles are to treat sick people. Police officer’s roles are to help people in trouble. And without question, students’ roles are to study and learn.

Unit 14 – Capitals

The capital of a country is the city where its government meets. The capital of the U.S.A. is not New York City but Washington D.C. Washington D.C. is much smaller than New York in population and size. But the capital of the U.S.A. is Washington D.C. What about China? It is not Shanghai, but Beijing. What about Japan? Japan’s old capital was Kyoto. However, Japan’s current capital is Tokyo.

Unit 15 – Legends

Each country has its unique legends. Greece is rich in legends. Greece has many famous legends about gods and heroes. Zeus was believed to be the god of the sky. Northern Europe is also famous for many legends and myths. Norway and Sweden have many legends about their kings and heroes. Sometimes, some legends are the main topics for movies, such as The Lord of the Rings.

Unit 16 – Islands

An island has many different characteristics. The first thing is climate. An island’s climate is usually milder. So islands are much warmer in winter. For example, Great Britain is an island. So Great Britain is much warmer in winter. Another characteristic is people’s food. It is very easy for people on an island to catch fish. So, there are many kinds of fish on the menu on islands.

Unit 17 – Judges

A judge works at a court. A judge hears people’s arguments. Then the judge decides what is right and wrong. What is a judge called in a court? In the United States, a judge is called “Your honor” or “Judge.” In the United Kingdom, a judge is called “My Lord,” “My Lady” or “Your Honor.” A judge is one of the most powerful people in the court.

Unit 18 – Technology 

Technology means the knowledge of using a tool or a machine. Technology makes our lives convenient and easy. Without washing machines, we have to wash our family’s laundry by hand. Without a telephone, we cannot communicate with people far away. Without a computer, we cannot search for information easily. What else is new technology? It includes robots, wireless computers, and MP3 players

Unit 19 – Mines 

People get different kinds of materials from different mines. Gold comes from a gold mine. Copper comes from a copper mine. And coal comes from a coal mine. When people think of mines, they imagine a big mountain. However, some people find a big mine under the sea. What is the oldest mine in history? It is “Lion Cave” in Southern Africa. It is about 43,000 years old

Unit 20 – Markets

What do people do at a market? People can buy and sell goods at a market. A long time ago, each town had a market. In this market, farmers could sell crops and animals. The farmers could buy food and clothes at the market, too. Today, there are different forms of markets. They are shopping centers and on-line shopping malls.

Unit 21 – Rachel Carson

Rachel Carson was a marine biologist and a nature writer. She really cared about nature and the environment. She spent a lot of time reading and writing books when she was young. She always wanted to be a writer, and she published her first book at age 10. “The Edge of the Sea” was one of her bestsellers. It was written in 1955, and it is about ocean life.

Unit 22 – Chicago

Chicago is one of the famous cities in the United States. Chicago is very famous for modern buildings. The Sears Tower is in Chicago. It is one of the tallest buildings in the world. It is 443 meters tall and it is a 110-story building. Another tall building in Chicago is the John Hancock Center. It is 344 meters tall, and it is a 100-story building.

Unit 23 – Railroads

Do you often travel by train? It is a very interesting experience. The history of the steel railroad is not that old. It is about 200 years old. Before that, people had a very hard time to travel far away. At that time, people had to travel by horse or walk. Believe it or not, the very first railroad was made with stone in Greece during the 6th century B.C.

Unit 24 – Suburban Areas

An urban area is a city or a town. A suburban area is a place around the city or town. An urban area usually has a lot of people. It also has many convenient facilities, such as movie theaters and big stores. On the contrary, in a suburban area, there are big houses and natural areas. Do you prefer living in an urban area to a suburban area?

Unit 25 – Ruler 

A ruler is a very useful tool. It can measure the length of an object. There are many different kinds of rulers. Rulers are made of plastic, stainless steel, and cloth. We use a plastic ruler in the classroom. A stainless steel ruler is usually used in a factory. Why would you use a cloth ruler? They’re used because cloth rulers can be bent easily.

Unit 26 – The Quarter 

The quarter is an American or Canadian coin. How much is a quarter? A quarter is equal to 25 cents. It is worth one fourth of a dollar. When was it made for the first time in America? The first quarter was made in 1796. Today, its size is 0.956 inches in diameter. It weighs 5.67 grams. Do you know that is costs 11 cents to make one quarter?

Unit 27 – The Equal Sign

Do you like math? You probably saw an equal sign in math. The equal sign (=) is a symbol in math. It is used to show that things are the same. When was the equal sign made? Who made it? It was invented by Robert Recorde in 1557. How do you read ‘10+10=20’? It is read as “Ten plus ten is equal to twenty.

Unit 28 – A Cup

A cup is a kind of unit. It is used to measure how much something holds. One cup is equal to 8 ounces. It is commonly used in the United States and Japan. However, it is rarely used in the United Kingdom or the rest of Europe. What can you measure with a cup? Salt, milk, flour, sugar, and butter can be measured with a cup.

Unit 29 – Crayons

What are crayons made of? Crayons are made of oiled chalk. Children love to write and draw pictures with crayons. Why do children use crayons very often? Also, there are various colors of crayons. The first box of crayons was made in 1903. Their colors were black, brown, blue, red, purple, orange, yellow, and green.

Unit 30 – Mosaics

A mosaic is a kind of art. It is made of small pieces of materials such as glass, stone, or paper. Mosaics show some images. The most beautiful mosaic can be found in Rome. It was made by Nero and his architects. It covers the walls and ceiling of the Domus Autrea. Do you want to see this world famous mosaic in the future?

 

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Level 2 unit 1-30 (C2/D/D1/D2/SB/S2 class)

Unit 1- The Human Body

A person has a head, neck, chest, two arms, and two legs. Also, a human body consists of fat, muscles, and bones. Do you know how many bones there are in your body? There are about 200 bones in a human body. These bones protect our organs, such as the heart and lungs. We need to have a good diet to have a healthy body.

Unit 2- The North Pole

The North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. In winter, the temperature reaches to -49oF. Even in summer, the temperature is around 32oF. During the summer, we can see white nights at the North Pole. Ice at the North Pole is usually 2 or 3 meters thick. However, the North Pole is warmer than the South Pole.

Unit 3- Pine Trees 

If people look around, they can easily find pine trees. There are about 115 kinds of pine trees all over the world. People use pine trees for many reasons. In old times, people built houses with pine trees. Now, people use pine-leaf powder for healthy drinks. Also, dried pine trees are good for baseball bats. What a useful tree it is!

Unit 4- Bird Nests

A bird nest is built with a lot of small twigs, grass, and leaves. Some birds that live close to the ocean build their nests with fish bones. Mother birds build a nest to protect eggs and baby birds. It takes a few days to build a complete nest. Did you ever closely look at a bird’s nest? Go out and try it, but be careful. You might get attacked by a mother bird.

Unit 5- Bees

Many people do not like bees. Bees protect themselves and their hives by stinging humans. However, bees do a lot of jobs in nature. Bees make honey, and people can enjoy the sweet honey. Bees move pollen between plants. These flowers produce fruit. If there were no bees, maybe we could not eat fruits.

Unit 6- Body Temperature 

Our body temperature is usually 36.5 degrees. Body temperature is usually taken from a person’s forehead, ear or in one’s mouth. When we are sick, our body temperature goes up. A high fever means our bodies are fighting against bacteria or a virus. Sometimes, a high fever is very dangerous. We have to take medicine to lower it.

Unit 7- Fresh Water 

Fresh water comes from ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. People use fresh water for drinking and farming. People can only drink fresh water. People should drink 2 liters of water every day to make their bodies healthy. Believe it or not, 18 percent of the world’s population does not have enough drinking water. Therefore, people should try to protect fresh water on Earth.

Unit 8- Magnets

Magnets are very interesting objects. Each has a positive pole and a negative pole, one for each end. Similar poles push each other away. Different poles pull each other closer. A compass is a kind of magnet, and it is very useful. With a compass, we can easily find where we are.

Unit 9- Elephants

An elephant is one of the biggest animals in the world. Therefore, it eats a lot. An elephant eats 150~200kg a day. It usually eats twice or three times a day. An elephant eats 60~70 tons a year. So, it eats 15 times more food than it weighs a year. It also drinks a lot of water. It drinks 5~7 liters at once.

Unit 10- Skin

Skin fills a lot of important roles in our body. If we didn’t have skin, viruses and bacteria could easily get into our bodies. If that happened, these viruses and bacteria could make many diseases in our bodies. Skin also stores water and blood in our bodies. We cannot live without skin. Therefore, we have to take good care of our skin.

Unit 11- Soil

Soil is necessary for people’s lives. Plants can grow from soil. Soil gives plants a lot of nutrition. Plants can make flowers and fruit with this nutrition. Therefore, soil is very important for us. Soil has different colors. Sometimes, it is brown. Sometimes, it is black. And sometimes, it is even red.

Unit 12- Gorillas

About 99 percent of a gorilla’s DNA is the same as a human’s. Therefore, they are one of the smartest animals. Gorillas live in the forests in Africa. Their height is usually about 5 ft 5~5 ft 9 inches. They weigh about 310~450 lb. Gorillas eat fruit, leaves, and small insects. They also have fingerprints like humans.

Unit 13- Special Family Days

Each family has its own special days like birthdays and anniversaries. When is your birthday? What about your mother’s and father’s?Families get together to celebrate birthdays. Families also get together when they have wedding ceremonies or special days. It is important to remember your family’s special days.

Unit 14- The Home

A home is a place for people to live in. People take a rest at home, and they cook at home. Also, they store many things at home, and they spend a lot of time at home. There are many different kinds of homes. They are apartments, town houses, mobile homes, and single family homes.

Unit 15 – The Government

A government does a lot of things for the people in a country. The government maintains military and police to protect people. The government helps poor people. The government also supports education by building schools. The government does many things to protect nature. Do you know when the first government was created? It was more than 5,000 years ago.

Unit 16 – Continents

There are 6 continents in the world. They are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. Most continents are on the north side of our globe. The biggest continent is Asia. Korea, Japan, and India are parts of Asia. North America has only the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico.

Unit 17- Customs

Each country or culture has its own customs. Korean and Chinese people celebrate a Lunar New Year holiday. And Korean people respect their ancestors very much. They go to their ancestors’ tombs every year to take care of them. In many Western countries, people throw rice to brides and grooms. Western people think rice is the symbol of wealth, health and happiness.

Unit 18- Healthy Food 

What kind of food do you like? Different people like different food. Eating healthy food makes your body healthy. Usually, food with a lot of oil is not healthy. And fried food can cause a lot of diseases. Fast food, such as hamburgers and pizza, is also known for not being healthy. Vegetables, fruit, and whole grains are all healthy food.

Unit 19- Natural Resources 

What kind of natural resources can you think of? We can easily think of oil, coal, gold, and iron. These usually come from under the ground. Air, water, and wind are also natural resources. Natural resources are limited. If people use up all the natural resources, there will be no more of them in the future.

Unit 20- The People 

“The people” means a large number of men, women, and children in the same country. Therefore, the country protects the people. It provides plenty of public services for the people as well. Different people have different customs and histories. They also have different languages, cultures, and religions.

Unit 21- Christopher Columbus 

Christopher Columbus was a very brave sailor and explorer. He was born in Genoa, Italy. He believed the world was round. Columbus tried to find a new way to India. Spain’s queen supported his journey to India. In 1492, he found a new land. But it wasn’t India. It was the American continent. Columbus kept believing it was India until he died in 1506.

Unit 22 – The War 

There were a lot of wars in our history. People make wars to get something. In the old days, some countries invaded other countries to expand their lands. During war, a lot of people die, and many buildings are destroyed. Sometimes families are separated. The oldest war in history happened more than 5,000 years ago.

Unit 23 – Slavery 

Slavery began a very long time ago. People bought slaves with money. A slave’s life was miserable. Some people treated slaves as animals. Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the U.S.A., was against slavery. He fought to make slaves free from their owners. However, believe it or not, 27 million people are still slaves in the world.

Unit 24 – The President 

The president is a leader of a country. The president represents his or her country toward other countries. The president serves their country. The president does a lot of different jobs. The president makes laws and leads an army. Who was the first president in history? The first president of a country was George Washington. He became president of America in 1789.

Unit 25 – Addition

Addition is the process of putting numbers together. Addition is one of the simplest things in math. It is very basic in math as well. Everybody knows the plus sign”+.” The plus sign is one of the symbols in math. Plus means “more” in Latin. When was the plus sign first introduced? In 1557, one German mathematician introduced the plus sign for the first time.

 

Unit 26 – Hexagons 

A hexagon is a shape that has six edges and six vertices. In other words, a hexagon has six angles and six straight sides. The angles inside of a regular hexagon add up to 720o. Can you find hexagon shaped objects around you? Honeycombs are hexagons. Some snowflakes are hexagons. Also, turtles’ backs have hexagon shapes.

Unit 27 – The Calculator

A calculator is a device for calculations in math. It is not a computer, and it is usually small, digital, and inexpensive. Many students use calculators for their school work. The first pocket-sized calculator appeared in about 1970 around the world. Because it was powered by batteries, it was portable, handy, and very convenient. However, it was very expensive. It cost almost 400 U.S. dollars.

Unit 28 – Inches 

An inch is a unit of length. 12 inches are the same as a foot, and 36 inches are the same as a yard. How much is one inch in millimeters? One inch is equal to 25.4 millimeters. The inch is used only in a few countries such as the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. All other countries use the meter instead.

Unit 29 – Canvas 

Canvas is used for oil painting. It is made with various kinds of fabrics, such as cotton, linen, and polyester. Canvas is not only used for painting but also for making tents, sails, umbrellas, and shoes. The first canvas was introduced around 1410 in Berlin. But it didn’t become very popular in Europe until the 17th century.

Unit 30 – Crafts

Crafts are activities and hobbies for making something. People do crafts with their hands and skill/ a lot of crafts need skill, speed, and patience. A lot of schools teach basic craft skills to students. There are many different types of craft, such as card making, knitting, jewelry making, pottery, doll making, egg decorating, and so on.

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March 7th Homework

Caitlin’s Class:

— Study the 12 vocab words: (crescent, cactus, vehicle…)
— Jason and Ray, study only the last 6 words

Jeff’s Class:
– Workbook p.9 #4 Read paragraph & answer (no CD)

 

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3rd March

1) James’ class:
Learn vocabulary

2) David’s Class:
-P.44, please read 3 times and do the “True of False” questions.